Key result
Women report ~6-point lower daily fruit intake than men alongside rising hypertension prevalence over 4 years.
Why the study?
Preventing hypertension and hypercholesterolemia requires reliable information on their current prevalence and modifiable risk factors such as diet, but recent region-specific data on these disorders and daily fruit and vegetable consumption in Isfahan Province, Iran, were lacking.
Cross-Sectional
Yes
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Despite a reduction in hypercholesterolemia prevalence, an increasing trend in hypertension alongside low daily intake of fruits and vegetables highlights an urgent need for effective preventative public health measures in Isfahan Province.
Introduction: Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia remain important global public health issues associated with several comorbidities and mortalities. Although the prevention of these disorders requires reliable information on current prevalence and information about their modifiable risk factors, particularly diet, the recent region-specific prevalence of these disorders and daily fruits and vegetables consumption has not been identified, particularly in Isfahan Province, Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to appraise the overall prevalence and absolute prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in Isfahan Province and report individual daily servings intake of vegetables and fruits. Methods: This cross-sectional study was part of the risk factors surveillance of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) investigation, Isfahan STEPs 2016. Data from individuals who were 25 years old from 22 cities located in Isfahan Province, in both urban and rural areas, using cluster random sampling were included. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of ≥90 mmHg, and hypercholesterolemia was distinguished as two ranges of cholesterol ≥170 mg/dl and cholesterol ≥200 mg/dl in the bloodstream. The daily intake of vegetables and fruits was evaluated using a validated questionnaire for both genders in 2016. Results: The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was reduced, but the prevalence of hypertension was found to have increased in both genders during the four years of study ( P < 0.05-r = 0.3). The percentage of women who consumed fruits ≥2 servings per day was less than men (Men (25.1%) and Women (19%)). Nevertheless, the daily vegetable intakes of ≥3 servings were very similar in both sexes (Men (38.7%) and Women (39.9%)). Conclusions: Although it seems that the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was reduced, however, the increasing trend of hypertension, and low intake of fruits and vegetables revealed a health warning statement that highlights the need for effective prevention among this population.
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Mashhadi et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Daily intake of fruits and vegetables vs. Gender comparison (men vs. women) and temporal trends over 4 years was evaluated on Prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, and daily servings intake of fruits (≥2 servings/day) and vegetables (≥3 servings/day) (r = 0.3, p=<0.05). Daily fruit intake (≥2 servings) was lower in women than men (19% vs 25.1%), while hypertension prevalence increased and hypercholesterolemia decreased over 4 years (r=0.3, P<0.05).
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