Effectiveness of ginger infusion as a complementary therapy to reduce blood pressure in 3-month injectable contraceptive acceptors

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

Ginger infusion twice daily for 7 days reduced mean systolic blood pressure by 16.3 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 9.5 mmHg in DMPA contraceptive users.

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Population: Elevated blood pressure in 3-month injectable contraceptive (DMPA) acceptors (n=32). Intervention: Ginger infusion (wedang jahe) vs. Pre-intervention baseline (one-group pretest-posttest). Primary outcome: Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (MD -16.3 mmHg, p=<0.001).

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Consuming ginger infusion twice daily for seven days significantly reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injectable contraceptive acceptors with elevated blood pressure. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.CONFIRMATORY. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Q: What question did this study set out to answer?

To examine the effectiveness of ginger infusion (wedang jahe) in reducing blood pressure among women using three-month depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable contraception.

Nanda Izza Safira

doi:10.53713/ijh.v2i1.573

May 17, 2026International Journal of Health (IJH)Open Access

Effectiveness of ginger infusion as a complementary therapy to reduce blood pressure in 3-month injectable contraceptive acceptors

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Share

Key result

Twice-daily ginger infusion lowers systolic blood pressure by ~16 mmHg in DMPA contraceptive users.

MD -16.3 mmHg
P<0.001
n=32

Why the study?

Women using three-month depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable contraception are at risk of elevated blood pressure, yet simple non-pharmacological options such as ginger infusion are rarely used in community midwifery.

Does consuming fresh ginger infusion twice daily for seven days reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in women using three-month DMPA injectable contraception with elevated blood pressure?

Key Points

To examine the effectiveness of ginger infusion (wedang jahe) in reducing blood pressure among women using three-month depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable contraception.
A one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental study recruited 32 contraceptive acceptors with blood pressure ≥130/80 mmHg who were not taking antihypertensive medication via purposive sampling in Pasuruan City, Indonesia.
Participants drank 4 g of fresh ginger steeped in 200 mL of warm water twice daily for seven consecutive days, with blood pressure measured before and after the intervention and analysed using a paired t-test.
Mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 143.2 to 126.9 mmHg (−16.3 mmHg; 11.4%) and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased from 91.3 to 81.8 mmHg (−9.5 mmHg; 10.4%), both p < 0.001.
The proportion of participants with blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg increased from 12.5% (n = 4) to 62.5% (n = 20), while moderate hypertension decreased from 31.3% (n = 10) to 9.4% (n = 3).

Structured PICO

Does consuming fresh ginger infusion twice daily for seven days reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in women using three-month DMPA injectable contraception with elevated blood pressure?

P

Population

32 women aged ≥35 years in Indonesia using 3-month DMPA injectable contraception with blood pressure ≥130/80 mmHg and not on antihypertensive medication, free of kidney, heart, or diabetic disease, followed for 7 days.

I

Intervention

Ginger infusion (wedang jahe), prepared by steeping 4 g of fresh ginger rhizome in 200 mL of warm water, consumed orally twice daily (morning and evening; 8 g of fresh ginger per day) for seven consecutive days while maintaining usual diet and physical activity.

O

Outcome

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured with a digital sphygmomanometer before the first serving (pretest) and after completion of the seven-day intervention (posttest).surrogate

Main Result

Mean Difference: -16.3

Absolute Event Rate: 126.9% vs 143.2%

p-value: p=<0.001

A seven-day regimen of twice-daily fresh ginger infusion was associated with significant short-term reductions in systolic (−16.3 mmHg) and diastolic (−9.5 mmHg) blood pressure among women with elevated blood pressure using DMPA injectable contraception, though randomized controlled trials are required for confirmation.

Limitations

One-group pretest-posttest design without a control group precludes causal conclusions and is susceptible to regression to the mean
Small sample size (n=32) recruited through purposive sampling from a single midwifery practice limits generalizability
Blood pressure was measured only once before and once after the intervention with no post-intervention follow-up
Confounding factors such as dietary salt intake, physical activity, stress, and sleep were not measured
Homemade ginger infusion was not standardized for active compound content
One-group pretest–posttest design without a control group does not allow causal conclusions, and changes may partly reflect regression to the mean, measurement effects, or behavior change.
Small sample size recruited through purposive sampling from a single practice limits generalizability.
Blood pressure was measured only once before and once after the intervention, with no follow-up conducted to examine whether the effect persisted after stopping ginger.
Dietary salt intake, physical activity, stress, and sleep were not measured.
The ginger used was not standardized for its active compound content.

Ask about this paper

Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.

Implication

Ginger was associated with BP reductions in DMPA users; hypothesis-generating and requires RCTs before clinical adoption.

Abstract

Women using three-month depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injectable contraception may be at risk of elevated blood pressure, yet simple non-pharmacological options are rarely used in community midwifery. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of ginger infusion (wedang jahe) in reducing blood pressure among three-month injectable contraceptive acceptors. A one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental study was conducted at an independent midwifery practice in Pasuruan City, Indonesia, from September to October 2025. Thirty-two acceptors with blood pressure ≥130/80 mmHg who were not taking antihypertensive medication were recruited by purposive sampling. Participants drank 4 g of fresh ginger steeped in 200 mL of warm water twice daily for seven consecutive days. Blood pressure was measured before and after the intervention and analysed using a paired t-test. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 143.2 to 126.9 mmHg (−16.3 mmHg; 11.4%) and mean diastolic blood pressure from 91.3 to 81.8 mmHg (−9.5 mmHg; 10.4%), both p < 0.001. The proportion of participants with blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg rose from 12.5% to 62.5%. Ginger infusion was associated with a clinically meaningful short-term reduction in blood pressure and may serve as a low-cost adjunct within family planning services, pending confirmation in controlled trials.

Discussion

No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.

Cite This Study

Nanda Izza Safira (2026) studied Elevated blood pressure in 3-month injectable contraceptive (DMPA) acceptors (n=32). Ginger infusion (wedang jahe) vs. Pre-intervention baseline (one-group pretest-posttest) was evaluated on Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (MD -16.3 mmHg, p=<0.001). Ginger infusion twice daily for 7 days reduced mean systolic blood pressure by 16.3 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 9.5 mmHg in DMPA contraceptive users.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6af0db863c845ca7837ced67 https://doi.org/10.53713/ijh.v2i1.573

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Share

Effectiveness of ginger infusion as a complementary therapy to reduce blood pressure in 3-month injectable contraceptive acceptors

Key Points

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Effectiveness of ginger infusion as a complementary therapy to reduce blood pressure in 3-month injectable contraceptive acceptors

Key Points

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Keep reading

Keep reading