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While modern AI techniques are very successful, they are not as reliable as we would like them to be: in about 5% of the cases, they provide wrong answers. In this paper, we show that the problem facing modern AI tools is similar to the problem that, in the past, faced the original fuzzy logic – and that led to the development of intuitionistic fuzzy techniques: the need to consider the "don't know" option in addition to the usual "yes" and "no" answers to a binary ("yes"–"no") question. Based on this analogy, we provide recommendations on how to make AI tools more reliable, and we analyze advantages and limitations on these recommendations.
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Крейнович et al. (2026) studied this question.
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