Geographies of production I: Generative and agentic artificial intelligence

Generative and agentic artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly shaped the landscapes of production since the early 2020s. This report reviews the scholarly debate on geographies of production and includes further developments in the spatiality of digitalisation. It draws on literature on firms that develop and offer AI as a product innovation (geographies of production of AI) and firms that implement and use AI (geographies of production with AI). The report highlights current trends, reveals research gaps, and finally addresses some implications for public debate.