Histopatho-Protective Effects of the Aqueous Leaf Polyherbal Extract of in Phenylhydrazine-Induced Immune-Suppressed Rats

Phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anemia can involve tissue injury in visceral and immune organs. This study investigated the histoprotective effects of a polyherbal aqueous leaf extract (PHALE) in PHZ-induced immunosuppressed Wistar rats. Plant samples were rinsed, shade-dried, pulverized, and processed into an aqueous extract. Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups of six animals each. Anemia was induced using PHZ at 40 mg/kg, and treatment groups received oral folic acid at 10 mg/kg or PHALE at 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg for 14 days. Liver, spleen, and thymus tissues were examined histologically on day 14. Extract treatment ameliorated PHZ-associated hepatocellular pyknosis, enhanced splenic lymphoid follicles and red pulp hematopoiesis, and preserved thymic cortical architecture. The most pronounced histological recovery occurred at 50–100 mg/kg. These findings suggest that PHALE has histoprotective potential in PHZ-induced anemia and associated immune alterations. The study provides preliminary histological evidence of protective effects on hepatic, splenic, and thymic tissues within this experimental model.