Comparative Antimicrobial Efficacy of Commercially Available Mouthrinses in Dental Plaque Reduction: A Narrative Review

Dental plaque is a structured microbial biofilm that plays a key role in the development of gingivitis and periodontal disease. While mechanical plaque control remains the foundation of oral hygiene, it is often inadequate due to anatomical challenges and patient compliance limitations. Chemical plaque control agents such as antiseptic mouthrinses are therefore widely used as adjunctive therapies. Among the most commonly recommended formulations are chlorhexidine (2% and 0.12%), chlorhexidine with anti-discoloration systems (ADS), povidone iodine, and essential oil–based rinses such as Listerine. This narrative review evaluates their antimicrobial efficacy, mechanisms of action, advantages, limitations, and clinical relevance in plaque reduction. A balanced and evidence-based discussion is presented to support rational clinical decision-making in preventive dentistry.