Características sociodemográficas, nutrición y salud bucal en mujeres adultas mayores de Miramar, La Habana, Cuba

Social determinants, nutritional and oral status impact on the quality of life in older adults. The objective of this work is to analyze the relationships between the sociodemographic profile, nutritional status, and oral health of women aged 60 to 79 years. For this purpose, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out between April and June 2024, including 30 women living in Miramar, Havana, Cuba. Sociodemographic data were collected; anthropometric measurements were taken and an oral examination was performed. Waist-hip index and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the Geriatric Oral Health Index were applied. Regularized Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis was applied for the study of multidimensional relationships. The mean age was 69.8 years, with a predominance of retired and university graduates. The mean BMI of 29.7 kg/m² indicated overweight, with excess abdominal adiposity. With an average of 12 missing teeth, 40% perceived their oral condition as regular. In this sample of older women, anthropometric variables showed statistically significant associations. Oral variables (tooth loss and need for prostheses) and sociodemographic variables (cohabitation and household type) exhibited relevant but inconclusive patterns, suggesting plausible links between excess adiposity, tooth loss, and social environment, in line with international literature. The MNA did not adequately detect overnutrition, reinforcing the need for anthropometric indicators in geriatric assessment.