Long-term biocompatibility and efficacy of DNA supramolecular hydrogels as vitreous substitutes in a rabbit model of retinal detachment

Purpose Retinal detachment (RD) is an ophthalmic emergency requiring prompt surgical repair and intraocular tamponade. Current vitreous substitutes such as silicone oil, although effective, often lead to complications. DNA supramolecular hydrogels have emerged as promising alternatives owing to their biocompatibility and transparency, yet their clinical use has been hindered by issues in degradation control and injectability. We aimed to study explore the potential of a DNA supramolecular hydrogel as a superior vitreous substitute. Methods We developed a DNA supramolecular hydrogel mimicking key physicochemical properties of the natural vitreous. Using a rabbit RD model, we assessed retinal reattachment rate, intraocular pressure, and cytotoxicity, with silicone oil as control. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging was used to evaluate hydrogel permeability. Results In the rabbit RD model, the DNA hydrogel effectively promoted retinal reattachment over a 6-month monitoring period, achieving outcomes comparable to silicone oil. CT imaging confirmed high permeability of the hydrogel. Its superior permeability may help reduce complications associated with conventional tamponade agents. Conclusion DNA supramolecular hydrogels represent a durable and permeable vitreous substitute that effectively reattaches retina and supports metabolic exchange, offering a promising strategy for advancing vitreous replacement therapy.