Cyberpragmatic Analysis of Illocutionary Acts and Communicative Functions in Sarcastic Instagram Comments on Zara Adhisty

Sarcasm in social-media interaction is pragmatically significant because its meaning cannot always be interpreted from literal verbal content alone, particularly when contextual and digital resources contribute to meaning construction. This study aimed to identify the types of illocutionary acts and the predominant communicative functions realized in sarcastic Instagram comments on Zara Adhisty from a cyberpragmatic perspective. A descriptive qualitative design was employed using 42 comments purposively selected from six Instagram posts. The data were analyzed using (Searle, 1969, 1979) classification of illocutionary acts and (Jakobson, 1960) communicative functions, while contextual information and digital resources were considered in interpreting sarcastic meaning. The result showed three types of illocutionary acts. The dominant acts were assertive acts with 23 comments (54.76%), expressive acts with 11 comments (26.19%) and directive acts with 8 comments (19.05%). Three major types of communicative functions, including emotive (18 comments, 42.86%), referential (15 comments, 35.71%) and conative (9 comments, 21.43%) were also identified in the study. These findings show that illocutionary force and communicative function are related but are different dimensions of sarcastic digital discourse. They also emphasize the importance of taking verbal expressions, digital cues, and socio-contextual information together when interpreting sarcasm in online communication. Further research on the topic might include the analysis of a larger sample with multiple raters in order to ensure higher inter-rater reliability.