Key result
Urban residence and regular exercise are linked to higher physical activity in CVD outpatients.
Why the study?
Which demographic and clinical factors are associated with physical activity levels among outpatient cardiovascular disease patients in North Sulawesi, Indonesia?
Cross-Sectional (n=50)
No
Which demographic and clinical factors are associated with physical activity levels among outpatient cardiovascular disease patients in North Sulawesi, Indonesia?
In this small Indonesian outpatient cardiovascular cohort, urban residence and regular exercise habits were associated with higher physical activity levels, highlighting the potential need for environment-sensitive exercise counseling in rural settings.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
These Level 4 associations should not change practice; leaves open whether demographics predict activity levels in broader CVD populations.
Background: Physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) management and is associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes. However, many cardiovascular patients remain insufficiently active. This study aimed to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with PA among cardiovascular patients in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Methods: This descriptive correlational study employed a cross-sectional design. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 50 cardiovascular patients from a tertiary hospital in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and expressed as metabolic equivalent task minutes per week (MET-min/week). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman’s rank correlation. Result: The largest proportion of participants had a moderate level of PA (40.0%). Place of living (p = 0.032) and regular exercise habits (p = 0.049) were significantly associated with PA. Participants living in urban areas and those engaging in regular exercise reported higher PA levels. Age (r = 0.300, p = 0.034), body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.315, p = 0.026), and systolic blood pressure (BP) (r = 0.394, p = 0.005) were positively correlated with PA. Conclusion: In this sample of cardiovascular patients, PA was associated with place of living, regular exercise habits, age, BMI, and systolic BP. These findings suggest that behavioral, environmental, and clinical characteristics may be relevant to PA participation. However, causal relationships cannot be inferred due to the cross-sectional design. The findings should also be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size and single-hospital setting.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Sandag et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiovascular disease (heart failure, coronary artery disease, and other cardiovascular diseases) (n=50). Demographic and clinical factors (urban residence, regular exercise habits, age, BMI, systolic blood pressure) vs. Rural residence or lack of regular exercise habits was evaluated on Physical activity level assessed by International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) in MET-min/week (r = 0.394 (systolic BP correlation); Z = -2.142 (urban vs rural), p=0.032 (place of living); 0.005 (systolic BP)). Urban residence (p=0.032), regular exercise (p=0.049), age (r=0.300), BMI (r=0.315), and systolic BP (r=0.394) were significantly associated with higher physical activity in CVD outpatients.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: