Microplastic Contamination in Edible and Inedible Tissues of Labeo rohita Across Rajasthan and Haryana: A Comparative Assessment

This study investigates the presence, morphology, and chemical composition of Microplastics (MPs) in edible (muscle and skin) and inedible (gastrointestinal tract and gills) tissues of the freshwater fish Rohu (Labeo rohita), collected from ten locations across Rajasthan and Haryana. A total of 300 fish samples were analysed using alkali digestion followed by visual inspection, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). MPs were detected in 100% of the samples, with significant spatial variation in abundance (ranging from 46.3 to 109 particles per fish), and the control group showed the lowest levels (13.9 particles per fish). Fibres were the predominant form (>78%), followed by fragments and pellets, with blue being the most frequent colour. Commonly detected polymers included Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), and Polystyrene (PS). The FTIR spectra also indicated co-contamination with toxic substances like lead oxide and polysiloxanes. The presence of MPs even in muscle tissues suggests translocation beyond the digestive tract, raising concerns about human consumption. These findings highlight the urgent need for waste management reforms and further monitoring of freshwater ecosystems to safeguard food safety and public health. Major Findings: Microplastics were detected in all Labeo rohita samples, with fibres as the dominant type and polyethylene and PVC as the major polymers. Contamination varied by site and was highest in edible tissues, raising food safety concerns.