Lactoferrin in Food Systems: Functional Properties, Manufacturing Technologies, and Regulatory Aspects

Relevance . Lactoferrin is a natural cationic iron-binding glycoprotein naturally present in animals and humans, particularly in human and bovine colostrum and milk. Its multifunctional properties, including antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activity, have generated significant interest in its use as a food ingredient, dietary supplement, and component of functional foods. Methods . A keyword search for potentially relevant articles was conducted in electronic databases and open-access internet searches. Results . The use of lactoferrin is a potentially promising area for the food industry due to its enhanced immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects, as well as its extended shelf life. Today, lactoferrin is most actively used as a dietary supplement for infant formulas, specialized milk- and whey-based dairy products, processed meat products, and dietary supplements. The global lactoferrin market faces certain challenges: the development of new, more efficient methods for purifying and producing lactoferrin, as well as the open question of the legal nature of the use of lactoferrin (including recombinant).