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This study presents a comprehensive narrative review analyzing the economic, social, and structural limits surrounding India's aspirational 2047 target of becoming a developed economy ("Viksit Bharat"). Drawing on official projections from NITI Aayog, multilateral frameworks from the World Bank, and contemporary academic literature on growth accounting and labor economics, the paper synthesizes highly fragmented data into a cohesive conceptual framework. The review focuses on three core boundaries: first, the long-term viability of maintaining a 7-8% GDP growth rate alongside a 40% investment rate through productivity gains rather than mere capital accumulation; second, the vital role of structural transformation and productive employment creation—particularly raising female labor force participation—in turning growth into genuine equitable inclusion; and third, the systemic constraints imposed by accelerating climate risks, fiscal policy parameters, and deep-seated sub-national (interstate) divergence. Conclusively, the paper introduces six testable propositions and advocates for a shared multidimensional indicator set to track and monitor India’s progress toward its centenary milestone.
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Anil Kumar Pandey (2026) studied this question.