Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Balancing Innovation and Human Rights

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has created significant opportunities for economic growth, scientific research, public administration, and social development. At the same time, the widespread adoption of AI technologies raises complex legal and ethical questions concerning privacy, equality, transparency, accountability, and the protection of fundamental human rights. Legal regulation has therefore become an essential instrument for ensuring that technological progress develops within an appropriate framework of responsibility and public trust. This article examines the principal legal challenges associated with artificial intelligence, analyzes emerging international regulatory approaches, and explores the relationship between technological innovation and human rights protection. Particular attention is given to risk-based regulation, algorithmic accountability, data protection, discrimination, and human oversight. The article argues that effective AI governance should combine proportionate legal obligations, institutional accountability, transparent decisionmaking, and support for responsible innovation.