Above-ground biomass recovery after fire in a West African semi-deciduous forest invaded by Cedrela odorata L.

Key message Invasion by Cedrela odorata L. can substantially contribute to above-ground biomass recovery after fire while simultaneously altering forest composition. Context Tropical forests are increasingly exposed to successive disturbances that can alter forest dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Understanding long-term responses to disturbances offers a solution for sustainable ecosystem services management. Aims This study assessed the long-term aboveground biomass recovery in a tropical semi-deciduous forest that has undergone silvicultural treatments, devastating fire, and invasion by Cedrela odorata L . We also aimed to quantify the contributions of three species groups: local commercial species (Com), C. odorata (Ced), and non-commercial species (Sec), i.e., all other species. Methods First, we used tree inventory data (diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm) collected over 42 years from 25 permanent plots covering 100 ha. Then, we used a Bayesian framework to infer the aboveground biomass recovery trajectory. Finally, we analyzed the respective effects of fire severity and silvicultural treatment intensity on above-ground biomass recovery. Results Following invasion by C. odorata, 90% of the biomass lost after the fire will be recovered in less than 50 years. Fire severity affects biomass recovery more than silvicultural treatments. Predictions at the end of recovery indicate a biomass composed of 33% C. odorata , 50% commercial species, and 17% non-commercial species. Conclusion Invasion by C. odorata has advantages and inconveniences for the recovery of forest attributes. These results highlight the importance of adapting forest management strategies to balance ecological resilience and timber production in West Africa, where forest resources are threatened.