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The paper proposes a hybrid «Bayes–DEA–Monte Carlo» (BDM) model integrating a Bayesian stochastic frontier specification, CRS/VRS DEA decomposition and Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis. On a 2015–2025 panel the gap relative to the global frontier amounts to 29.0–36.3 %. At “TMZ” and “QMZ”, this is almost entirely attributable to the scale factor (0.363 and 0.334, respectively), whereas at “TYVQTZ”, it is attributable to both the scale factor and the pure technical factor (0.221 and 0.088, respectively). Since the economic nature of the gap differs across enterprises, a uniform digitalisation solution is economically unjustified
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Kholbutaeva Shakhnoza Abduvalievna (2026) studied this question.
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