Clinical Anatomy and Surgical Correction of Rectal Prolapse in

· Anatomical Support is Important: The rectum is supported within the pelvic canal by the levator ani and coccygeus muscles, pelvic connective tissues and surrounding structures. Weakening of these supports can contribute to prolapse. · Increased Intra-abdominal Pressure is a Major Factor: Prolonged straining, diarrhoea, enteritis, parasitic infections and chronic coughing can markedly increase intra-abdominal pressure and force the rectum through the anal sphincter. · Early Assessment is Essential: Fresh and viable prolapsed tissue can often be reduced and retained using a purse-string type suture, whereas severely damaged, necrotic or cannibalized tissue may require rectal amputation. Species-specific Management is Required: Surgical correction differs between pigs and cattle. In recurrent cases, procedures such as colopexy may be considered to prevent further prolapse.