Method for Determining the Environmental Impact Index (Eii) of Particulate Matter Generated by Tyre and Brake System Wear

This thesis develops a method for determining the Environmental Impact Index (EII) of fine particulate matter (PM) generated by tyre and brake system wear, as well as road dust resuspension, during urban vehicle operation. Because existing approaches based on mass units (g or g/km) evaluate each emission source separately, they do not allow for a comprehensive comparison across different driving regimes. The proposed integrated model consolidates the contributions of tyre wear (MPM,tyre), brake system emissions (MPM,brake), and resuspended road particles (MPM,resusp) into a single indicator through weighting coefficients—accounting for the toxicity and environmental hazard of PM2.5 and PM10 fractions-and traffic-flow-based normalization. Calculations conducted for a single passenger car over a 10 km route demonstrate that the EII value increases as the number of stops rises from 0 to 15, that the braking phase accounts for the highest environmental impact share, and that stabilizing the driving regime can reduce PM loads by at least 30–40%.