Perceptions of patients undergoing scrotal ultrasound examinations in Gauteng, South Africa

Background: Scrotal ultrasound is an important diagnostic tool for assessing scrotal pathology; however, the intimate nature of the examination could evoke anxiety, embarrassment, or discomfort among patients. In South Africa, there is limited evidence regarding patients’ perceptions of scrotal ultrasound. Understanding these perceptions is essential for supporting patient-centred care. Aim: To determine the perceptions of male patients undergoing scrotal ultrasound examinations. Setting: The study was conducted at three public and two private radiology departments in Gauteng, South Africa. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. Using convenience sampling, data were collected from 44 male participants referred for scrotal ultrasound examinations. A structured questionnaire assessed prior knowledge and experience, procedural explanations, sonographer gender, chaperone use, and overall perceptions. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 29. Trustworthiness was ensured, and ethical principles were adhered to. Results: Most patients had no prior experience of scrotal ultrasound (70%; n = 31) or prior knowledge of the procedure (61%; n = 27). Overall, 77% (n = 34) received an explanation at some point during their examination (before, during, or both), whereas 23% (n = 10), all from public healthcare facilities, reported receiving no explanation. Female sonographers performed most examinations (59%; n = 26), and 59% (n = 26) of patients reported no preference regarding the sonographer’s gender. Only 36% (n = 16) were offered a chaperone. Gaps in patient education and chaperone provision were identified. Conclusion: Standardised communication and chaperone practices could enhance patient comfort and patient-centred care. Contribution: This study provided evidence on male patient perceptions of scrotal ultrasound in South Africa and highlighted practical strategies to improve patient-centred care.