Prevalence of Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome in Tractor Drivers of Khewra Salt Mines

Background: Tractor operators, particularly those working in mining environments, are at increased risk of Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome because of prolonged exposure to vibrating machinery and tools. This syndrome may lead to vascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal complications that affect work performance and quality of life. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Hand-Arm Vibration syndrome among tractor drivers working at Khewra salt mines. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 20th October 2020 to 21st January 2021 using a convenience sampling technique. A total of 67 male tractor drivers from Khewra salt mines participated in the study. Eligible participants were male tractor drivers aged between 23 and 73 years who were actively operating tractors within the mining area. Participants with a previous history of upper limb fractures, diagnosed neurological disorders, or musculoskeletal conditions affecting hand function were excluded from the study to minimize potential confounding factors. Data were collected through a self-structured questionnaire consisting of 7 neurological, 6 vascular, and 4 musculoskeletal assessment items. Hand grip strength was measured using a dynamometer to assess muscular function. The reliability and internal consistency of the questionnaire domains were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Paired sample t-tests were applied to compare grip strength values between the right and left hands. Results: Most drivers (83.6%) reported operating tractors for 6–10 hours daily, while 62.7% reported taking a 1-hour rest break. Reliability analysis demonstrated good internal consistency for vascular (α=0.826), neurological (α=0.719), and musculoskeletal (α=0.826) domains. Mean scores for vascular were 1.49±0.26, neurological 1.62±0.26, and musculoskeletal 1.46±0.4. Right-hand grip strength was lower than left-hand grip strength (38.55 kg vs 46.04 kg), indicating muscular impairment. Conclusion: A high prevalence of Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome, particularly musculoskeletal impairment, was observed among tractor drivers at Khewra Salt Mines. Regular screening and vibration-reduction strategies are recommended to minimize long-term occupational health complications.