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This study examines the impact of stylized in-vehicle human-machine interfaces (HMI) on drivers’ emotional experience and willingness to continue usage. A theoretical model was constructed with six latent variables: perceived novelty, personalization affordances, aesthetic quality, perceived enjoyment, self-expression, and continuance intention. Analysis of 174 valid questionnaires revealed that perceived enjoyment plays a crucial mediating role in promoting the continued use of entertaining dashboards, especially when personalization enhances enjoyment. Moreover, perceived novelty, personalization affordances, and aesthetic quality indirectly affect continuance intention through perceived enjoyment. Notably, self-expression does not mediate the relationship between perceived novelty and continuance intention.
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Liu et al. (2026) studied this question.