The dual paradigm of personalized oncology: harmonizing targeted therapies with patient quality of life. A narrative review.

Cancer care has shifted decisively away from a uniform, disease-stage-driven model toward an approach that tailors prevention, diagnosis, and treatment to the molecular characteristics of each tumour and to the circumstances of each patient.The personalization of cancer treatment implies a deliberate reconsideration of the one-size-fits-all paradigm that long governed cytotoxic therapy, in which regimens and doses were derived primarily from population averages rather than individual biology [19].Advances in highthroughput sequencing, multi-omic profiling, and computational modelling have made it feasible to characterize the genetic and signalling landscape of individual cancers and, increasingly, to act on that information at the point of care [19,43].