Association of caspase 8 variant rs1045485 with genetic susceptibility to non Hodgkin lymphoma in Egyptians

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a blood cancer that arises from lymphocytes and contributes to 90% of all malignant lymphomas. Mutations that occur in the Caspases gene have been linked to an elevated probability of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between Caspase-8 genetic polymorphism at the rs1045485 locus and NHL risk in Egyptians through a case-control study. The student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA, and also Chi-Square tests were employed and also multiple linear regression was used. The research evaluated that the GG genotype ( P = 0.007; OR = 6.11; CI = 1.51–24.65), as well as the G allele ( P = 0.006; OR = 1.41; CI = 0.95–2.09) of the Caspase-8 gene polymorphism, exhibited substantial risks for NHL disease. However, no significant result was found among the studied groups regarding the AG genotype ( P = 0.168). NHL patients showed elevated AST enzyme ( P = 0.002) activity and reduced hemoglobin and albumin levels ( P = 0.001) compared to the control group. The study found no significant link between genetic polymorphisms and clinical presentation, tumor stage or relapse status in NHL patients, except for the CD8 + marker which investigates a correlation with Caspase-8 G/A polymorphism ( P = 0.003). Analysis of binary logistic regression show that the Caspase-8 GG genotype had a sixfold increase in NHL risk compared to AA individuals. The findings provide strong support for the use of the Caspase- 8 rs1045485 variant in NHL prediction for Egyptians.