Lie algebras graded by the root system AG₂

We study Lie algebras graded by the generalized root system AG₂, which is obtained from G₂ by adjoining the doubles of its short roots, over fields of characteristic different from $2$ and $3$. We show that every such Lie algebra with a grading subalgebra of type A₂ is, modulo its center, the Tits-Kantor-Koecher Lie algebra of a structurable algebra equipped with an idempotent t satisfying t+t̄=1. Conversely, every structurable algebra with such an idempotent gives rise to an (AG₂,A₂)-graded Lie algebra. We describe the corresponding Peirce decomposition and characterize the additional algebraic structure required for an (AG₂,G₂)-grading. Using the classification of central simple structurable algebras, we determine the central simple examples when the characteristic is also different from $5$. Finally, we compare our constructions with the theory of Tits hexagons. For the central simple examples in which all root spaces are non-zero, we determine which ones are Tits-hexagonalizable; in certain cases, this imposes an additional balancing condition on the idempotent.