Measure of the Ability to Form Spatial Mental Imagery for Adolescents (MASMI-A)

Spatial visualization is a fundamental cognitive skill for learning, especially in STEM. Traditional tests rely on abstract geometric figures that can hinder performance for individuals with spatial visualization difficulties, potentially underrepresenting their true capabilities. This study presents and validates the Measure of the Ability to Form Spatial Mental Imagery for Adolescents (MASMI-A), a spatial visualization test based on realistic human figures. A sample of 374 adolescents (12–16 years) completed the MASMI-A, the Primary Mental Abilities (PMA) test, and the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ-2). The MASMI-A showed excellent internal consistency and significant correlations with both comparison measures, supporting its reliability and convergent validity. Performance also improved across school grades, indicating a positive developmental progression. These findings support the MASMI-A as a valid, equitable, and accessible tool for assessing spatial visualization in adolescents.