Overview of the Current Development Status and Key Technologies of 6G Integrated Sensing and Communication Technology

Currently, the mobile communication system is steadily progressing from the 5G commercial stage to the 6G technology verification stage. The integrated sensing and communication technology, which deeply merges communication transmission with environmental perception, will redefine the service boundaries of the next-generation wireless network. This paper adopts a review research method combining literature research and horizontal comparative analysis, focusing on 6G integrated sensing and communication technology, systematically sorting out the origin of its evolution, typical application scenarios, three mainstream implementation architectures, and four fundamental key technologies; combined with the past five years of domestic and international core journal publications, industry white papers, and standardization reports, the paper summarizes the research progress in industry, academia, and research, as well as the current status of international standard advancement, distinguishes between 5G-assisted sensing and 6G native integrated sensing and communication, and summarizes the multiple bottlenecks in engineering implementation. Research indicates that 6G integrated sensing and communication can adapt to diverse vertical business scenarios such as low-altitude economy, autonomous vehicle networking, high-precision indoor positioning, and full-domain smart city perception, demonstrating significant industrial application value; however, core challenges such as system interference control, dynamic resource allocation for multiple services, and multi-function RF hardware adaptation continue to restrict the large-scale deployment and global standard unification of the technology. Only by advancing simultaneously in three dimensions—intelligent algorithm optimization, underlying network architecture upgrades, and full industry chain collaboration—can the complete path from technical theory to commercial deployment be unlocked, promoting the deep integration and large-scale commercial implementation of integrated sensing and communication.