Independence of Hasse--Weil L-functions over rings of Dirichlet series

We study linear and algebraic independence of Hasse--Weil L-functions of abelian varieties over Q, with Dirichlet series as coefficients. For nonzero varieties that are pairwise non-isogenous over Q̄, we prove that their L-functions with arbitrary Dirichlet twists, together with all their derivatives and $1$, are linearly independent when the coefficient series use only primes from a set of natural density zero. For untwisted L-functions, this independence is equivalent to the condition that the varieties are pairwise non-isogenous over Q. If the individual monodromy groups are connected, the result for varieties that are pairwise non-isogenous over Q̄ extends to larger coefficient rings: the prime supports of coefficients are unrestricted outside a prescribed set of positive upper natural density and meet it in a set of natural density zero. We also characterize algebraic independence of untwisted L-functions in terms of the multiplicities of the simple isogeny factors of the varieties. The proofs combine an arithmetic-function lemma of Kaczorowski--Molteni--Perelli with Frobenius density arguments and require no analytic continuation or automorphy.