Epidemiologic profile of Cannabis intoxications in Morocco

Background: Cannabis use in Morocco is embedded in certain sociocultural practices, and the evolving consumption methods and stronger products raise public health concerns. Aim: To analyse the epidemiologic pattern and risk factors for Cannabis intoxication cases reported to the Poison Control Center of Morocco. Methods: We reviewed and analysed all Cannabis intoxication cases reported to the Poison Control Center of Morocco from 1980 to 2023. We assessed intoxication severity using the Poisoning Severity Score and analysed the data using Jamovi 2.5.3. Results: A total of 2866 cases were recorded, majority (80.9%) of whom were males. Mean age of cases was 19.8 ± 10.4 years, and adults were the most affected age groups. There was a gradual increase in the number of cases from the 1990s, peaking in 2012, and decreasing after 2015. Maâjoun was the most consumed form (62.9%), primarily through oral ingestion (75.5%). Intentional intoxication accounted for 68.8% of cases, while 19.5% were accidental. Neurologic symptoms were most frequently reported (54.3%), followed by psychiatric disorder (13.6%). Among 2022 cases with known outcomes, 1995 (98.7%) had a favourable outcome, and there were 18 deaths (0.9%) and 9 cases with sequelae (0.4%). Conclusion: Cannabis intoxication is common in Morocco, affecting all age groups. To effectively reduce intoxication cases, there is a need for national prevention and awareness programmes that include educational campaigns, training for health professionals on the management of intoxication cases and enhanced regulation targeting the different population groups.