The clinicopathologic features of prostate cancer in patients at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer deaths among men, with variations in clinical characteristics across different ethnicities and locations. This retrospective study aimed to analyze PCa cases at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024, focusing on clinical and histopathological features and the impact of diabetes and hypertension on tumor stage and grade. A total of 165 men diagnosed with PCa were included, with ages ranging from 45 to 89 years (mean age: 68.6). The majority (81.1%) had advanced disease (T3/T4), and 68.5% of patients had at least one metabolic comorbidity. Most participants had secondary education (51.5%), while 33.3% had hypertension alone, 12.1% had diabetes alone, 23.6% had both, and 30.9% had no comorbidities. Common symptoms included lower urinary tract symptoms (40.6%), pelvic pain (23.0%), and erectile dysfunction (13.9%). High-grade PCa (grades 4–5) was most prevalent in patients with hypertension alone (54.5%) and those with no comorbidities (52.9%). T4 disease was the most common stage (44.5%). Notably, 68.5% of patients had at least one metabolic comorbidity, yet no statistically significant associations were found between diabetes or hypertension and the stage or grade of PCa.