Factors Associated with of Parkinson’s Disease Knowledge and Attitudes Among Caregivers in Egypt: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Caregiver awareness and positive attitudes are essential for the early recognition and effective management of Parkinson’s disease. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with caregivers’ knowledge and attitudes toward the disease. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among caregivers of patients with Parkinson’s disease across three clinical settings in Alexandria, Egypt. A stratified probability sampling technique was used to recruit 383 formal and informal caregivers between 1/2025 and 6/2025. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Most of the respondents were females (72.1%), and about half were between 18–30 years (50.9%). Generally, the participants had generally low knowledge and positive attitudes toward PD. The mean knowledge score was 4.52 ± 1.37 out of 10 and the mean attitude score was 27.62 ± 3.49 out of the maximum score of 35. Several key characteristics were significantly associated with knowledge levels. Marital status was significantly associated with knowledge scores. Unmarried participants had higher knowledge scores (mean rank = 221.75). Knowledge score was also associated with educational level, monthly income, household type and primary source of information (p < 0.05 for all); after false discovery rate correction, marital status, household type and source of information remained significant. Sleep duration was the only factor associated with attitude scores, with participants reporting more than six hours of sleep per day exhibiting more positive attitudes (mean rank = 201.88 vs. 178.52, p = 0.039); this association did not remain significant after correction for multiple comparisons. In multiple linear regression, monthly income and marital status were associated with knowledge scores, whereas education level and sleep duration were associated with attitude scores; however, the models explained only 6.4% and 5.1% of the variance, respectively. Conclusions: Caregivers of individuals with PD in Alexandria, Egypt, demonstrated positive attitudes but generally low knowledge of Parkinson’s disease. The caregiver characteristics examined explained little of the variation in knowledge and attitudes, so the associations identified should be regarded as exploratory. Existing knowledge gaps and misconceptions highlight the need for targeted educational interventions.