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This report presents the cause-effect relations of climate hazards such as Drought, Heat, Flooding and Heavy Rain through climate impact chains (CIC). Additionally, nature-based solutions (NbS) are addressed, and examples of NbS interventions that can be implemented within the framework of the Land4Climate project are introduced. The objective of the report is to offer an overview of the cause effect relations of climate hazards on multiple sectors and to illustrate the systemic effects of nature based solutions on mitigating the impacts of climate hazards.
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Freyer et al. (2026) studied this question.
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