Adverse Reaction Mechanism and Optimization Strategy of Therapeutic Vaccines for Glioblastoma

This paper focuses on glioblastoma therapeutic cancer vaccines as the research subject, introducing the mechanisms of action and side effects of therapeutic vaccines. Regarding local, systemic, nervous, and immune-related adverse reactions occurring in vaccine clinical applications, the article analyzes the core causes and solutions for adverse reactions from four aspects: improper antigen selection, imbalance in immune activation levels, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of the glioblastoma, and the overlap of side effects from multimodal combination therapies. At the same time, the paper looks ahead to the development direction of this field, pointing out that personalized vaccine development, combined application of vaccines with immune checkpoint inhibitors, and conducting larger-scale clinical trials are future research priorities. Therapeutic vaccines are an important means of precision treatment for glioblastoma, but they still face limitations such as adverse reactions. Balancing anti-tumor efficacy with therapeutic safety is the core key to future vaccine optimization and clinical translation