Patient-Centered Photoprotection: Insights into Sunscreen Selection and Advances in Formulation

Background: Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the U.S. Sun protection measures can greatly reduce the risk of skin cancer. This review article analyzes the multilevel factors of patient adherence and sunscreen selection. It also examines differences in the availability of formulations across the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Objective: This review analyzes how patients choose sunscreen products based on cosmetic appeal, formula, and aesthetic experiences. The review also examines how U.S. regulation of sunscreen formulations affects patient access. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was completed using a combination of keywords “sunscreen,” “formulation,” “preferences,” “organic,” “inorganic,” and “regulation”. The authors reviewed all studies and included those that addressed the topic of the review. Results: A cross-sectional study found that key factors influencing patients’ sunscreen selection were SPF importance, ease of application, dermatologist recommendation, and the visible-light knowledge gap between patients and providers. A cross-sectional study comparing factors influencing sunscreen selection among rural and urban patients was conducted in New York City and Athens, Ohio. Urban patients were more likely to consider their dermatologists’ recommendations and the ingredients used. Rural patients were more likely to value cost, brand, and broad-spectrum protection. Dermatologists reported that they prefer sunscreens that patients will use consistently. They also found that patients find organic filters easy to apply and that the aesthetic experience influences adherence. Conclusion: Multiple factors influence patients’ sunscreen selection and adherence, including aesthetic appeal, patients’ geographic background, SPF importance, and ease of application. New improvements and updates to FDA regulations could possibly expand the diversity of photoprotection and sunscreen formulations.