A Breathable Nanomesh–Textile Electrode Interface for Integrated Multimodal Monitoring

Long-term wearable electrophysiology requires electrodes that are skin-conformal, breathable, mechanically stable, and reliably connected to electronics. Existing dry electrodes address parts of this challenge, but the interface between soft electrodes and wearable electronics remains a major source of motion artifacts, open-circuit failure, and poor long-term usability. Here, we introduce a duo-electrode interface that separates the functions of skin contact and electronic interconnection. An electrospun nanomesh serves as a tattoo electrode that conforms intimately to the skin, while a compressible conductive taffeta-foam fabric electrode embedded in a garment provides stable electrical coupling to textile-routed electronics. This architecture preserves the advantages of skin-conformal electrodes while avoiding fragile connections to electronics. We integrate the interface into a bodysuit and eyemask platform for multimodal monitoring of ECG, EMG, EOG, and body position using a centralized electronics module. The system maintains reliable signal acquisition under body motion and muscle activation, with performance comparable to or better than that of commercial hydrogel electrodes. By bridging breathable electrodes with textile-based routing, the proposed duo-electrode strategy establishes a practical method for scalable, comfortable, and long-duration wearable bioelectronic monitoring. This approach may be broadly useful for remote healthcare, rehabilitation, sleep studies, human-machine interfaces, and personalized physiological sensing.