Hepatic and Renal Histopathological Changes and Oxidant-Sensitive Fluorescence After 28-Day Glyphosate Exposure in Mice: Glyphosate-Induced Hepatic and Renal Injury

Background: Repeated glyphosate exposure may affect hepatic and renal tissue integrity and redox homeostasis. This study evaluated histopathological changes and oxidant-sensitive fluorescence after a defined 28-day exposure in mice. Methods: Twenty-four male Swiss albino mice received glyphosate by oral gavage at 50 mg/kg daily for 28 days or saline (n=12/group). We assessed liver and kidney sections for necrosis and inflammation using a semi-quantitative 0–3 scale. Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) probe oxidation was measured in tissue homogenates and normalized to protein. Histopathological scores were summarized descriptively; continuous fluorescence outcomes were evaluated using exploratory summary-data Welch comparisons with Holm adjustment. Results: Mean liver and kidney inflammation scores were 2.0±0.6 and 1.8±0.5 in exposed mice, compared with 0.5±0.3 and 0.5±0.2 in controls. Corresponding necrosis scores were 1.5±0.5 and 1.3±0.4, whereas controls showed none. Liver fluorescence was 2.0±0.5 versus 0.0±0.1 units/mg protein, and kidney fluorescence was 1.8±0.6 versus 0.0±0.1. Mean differences were 2.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68–2.32) and 1.80 (95% CI, 1.42–2.18), respectively; both Holm-adjusted P values were <0.001. Conclusion: Under the tested conditions, 28-day glyphosate exposure was associated with hepatic and renal histopathological injury and increased DCFH-DA probe oxidation. The concurrent findings are consistent with altered tissue redox activity but do not identify a specific reactive oxygen species or establish a causal mechanism.