Common Risk Factors for Lower Back Pain in High School Students and Sports Rehabilitation Strategies

Low back pain (LBP) has become one of the most common musculoskeletal health problems among adolescents worldwide. It not only affects daily activities, athletic performance and sleep quality, but also tends to become chronic in adulthood. This article, from the perspective of evidence-based medicine, focuses on the high school student group and systematically sorts out the common risk factors and mechanisms of action of lower back pain. It is classified into two major categories based on modifiability: non-modifable factors (genetic susceptibility, gender) and interventionable factors (prolonged sitting, poor posture, excessive use of electronic devices, academic pressure and psychological factors, improper carrying of schoolbags, insufficient physical activity, sleep disorders), and the mechanisms by which it causes disease through pathways such as biomechanical imbalance, neuroendocrine disorders, and central sensitization are clarified. On this basis, the focus is on discussing strategies such as core stability training, hamstring and hip flexibility training, as people as phased rehabilitation and comprehensive school intervention. The analgesic and functional improvement effects are evaluated by combining randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis quantitative evidence. Existing evidence indicates that scientific exercise rehabilitation can significantly reduce pain scores, improve lumbar function, and is safe, economical, and easy to promote in schools. It can provide a reference for the early identification and precise prevention of lower back pain among high school students.