Computational Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Optical Imaging Systems with Different Aperture Geometries under Atmospheric Turbulence Filtering

Analyzing the functionality of optical systems following their production holds considerable scientific and practical relevance. It provides a wide range of possibilities for research and the advancement of novel methodologies to furnish thorough data regarding the optical system; the point spread function (PSF) is a vital component for measuring the effectiveness of such systems. Core pictorial information is usually interwoven throughout an image's arrangement characteristics and ambient context. These factors demand tailored processing strategies to maintain appropriate image resolution. This study presents a formulation aimed at substantially increasing image sharpness and clarity by employing the PSF equation for optical systems having circular, rectangular, square, and triangular apertures. Utilizing Mathcad software, we executed an atmospheric turbulence filter characterized by parameters δ=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 on all optical systems as a way of enhancing images. Situated at the system's entrance, this filter replicates or reduces the influence of atmospheric turbulence on light and the resulting image, particularly in extended-range systems. The filter's function is not explicitly for enhancing images; rather, it replicates the influence of air turbulence on the system, enabling the assessment of the system's (or filters') proficiency in sustaining resolution under diverse turbulence scenarios. The study focuses on a diffraction-limited (ideal) optical system. Four types of apertures were compared both with and without a filter, and full width at half its widest point (FWHM). Was measure the results were analyzed using origin software, presented graphically, and discussed in detail.