Effects of a Multicomponent Training Program with a Multidisciplinary Approach on Body Composition, Physical Performance, Lipid Profiles, and Glucose Levels in Brazilian Older Women with Hypercholesterolemia: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Background/Objectives: This study examined longitudinal changes in body composition, physical performance, lipid profiles, and fasting glucose during a 36-week multicomponent training program combined with nutritional education and psychoeducation in Brazilian older women with and without hypercholesterolemia. Methods: Thirty-seven women were stratified according to baseline cholesterol status into hypercholesterolemic (n = 16; 71.7 ± 7.21 years) and normocholesterolemic (n = 21; 72.3 ± 5.92 years) groups. Both groups participated in three weekly sessions, including multicomponent training, nutritional education, and psychoeducation, with assessments performed at baseline and at 12, 24, and 36 weeks. Results: Significant time × group interactions were identified for body weight (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.143), fat mass (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.152), total cholesterol (p = 0.002; η2p = 0.125), and LDL-c (p = 0.010; η2p = 0.098). Post hoc analyses showed that body weight increased in the hypercholesterolemic group at 12 and 36 weeks, whereas fat mass decreased at all follow-up assessments in the normocholesterolemic group and at 12 and 24 weeks in the hypercholesterolemic group. Total cholesterol and LDL-c decreased at all follow-up assessments in the hypercholesterolemic group, with no significant changes in the normocholesterolemic group. No significant time × group interactions were observed for physical performance outcomes. Conclusions: Longitudinal trajectories of body weight, fat mass, total cholesterol, and LDL-c differed according to baseline cholesterol status. These exploratory findings do not establish greater intervention efficacy in either subgroup, given the absence of a nonintervention control group.