Blockchain technology enhances the impact of green supply chain management on corporate performance in GCC manufacturing industries

Organizations are increasingly embracing green supply chain management practices as a result of the increasing demands of environmental sustainability in a bid to attain organizational success with minimal effects on the environment. With the rise of environmental issues, regulatory demands, and stakeholder expectations, it is becoming more important than ever for organisations to review existing supply chain processes and move towards increasingly sustainable and environmentally responsible operations. This study examines the influence of blockchain technology in enhancing the impact of green supply chain practices on corporate performance in the manufacturing sector of the GCC. Drawing on ICT Theory and perspectives, the concept of blockchain is conceptualized as an enabling mechanism for improved visibility, trust, and real-time information sharing across supply chain partners. Using a quantitative research design, the data are collected from manufacturing firms and 400 individuals in the GCC and analysed using structural equation modelling by Smart PLS to investigate the direct and indirect effects. The results show that green supply chain practices have a significant positive impact on environmental, social, operational, and financial performance. Additionally, the adoption of blockchain greatly enhances these relationships. The results provide useful information for managers and policymakers who are trying to use digital innovations to meet sustainability goals while at the same time enhancing corporate performance. In particular, the blockchain-enabled transparency and traceability offer compliance, minimize environmental risk, and boost decision-making efficiency, resulting in better corporate outcomes. This study adds to the emerging literature on the nexus of digital technologies and sustainable supply chain management by empirically illustrating the difference that blockchain can make as a strategic capability as opposed to a technological tool.