Assessment of knowledge gaps and training needs of livestock feed processors in South-West Nigeria: implications for agricultural extension services

Livestock feed quality is fundamental to animal productivity and food security. However, inadequate information exists on the technical competencies and training needs of feed processors in South-West Nigeria. This study assessed the knowledge gaps and training needs among livestock feed processors in South-West Nigeria, and examined the implications for agricultural extension service delivery. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 287 registered feed processors that were selected through a multistage sampling procedure from Lagos, Ogun, and Oyo States. Data were collected using a validated structured questionnaire. Technical knowledge was assessed using 31 feed-processing statements, while training needs were evaluated using the Borich Needs Assessment Model and respondents’ expressed needs. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Respondents demonstrated adequate knowledge in 19 of the 31 technical areas that were assessed. These include feed safety, particle-size management, and basic nutritional practices. However, significant knowledge gaps were identified in feed formulation, nutrient balancing, ingredient classification, anti-nutritional factors, and appropriate use of feed additives. Training needs were highest for preparing feed formulas (BNV = 3.68), feed analysis (BNV = 3.48), ingredient inclusion levels (BNV = 2.42), and in identifying anti-nutritional factors (BNV = 2.33). Calculating proximate analysis and feed formulation were the most highly expressed training priorities. Feed processors possess practical operational skills but exhibit critical deficiencies in scientific and technical areas of feed production. Targeted extension-based capacity-building programs that focus on feed formulation, nutrient analysis, and feed safety are essential to improve feed quality, livestock productivity, and food system resilience in feed processing sector.