The Queue or the Kitchen: Total Exposure at a Communal Tapstand Against Treatment in the Home, with Time Priced as an Exposure

SIMULATED, NOT MEASURED. Queueing and cup-level exposure are compared for communal tapstand vs home treatment: two-tap collection costs 215 h/year against 49 h/year at home, and at the cup the home chlorine-dispenser vessel (index 0.9) beats tapstand water stored 18 h (6.5) despite weaker source treatment. Computation only; nothing was built or field-tested.