Negative normal degree and holomorphic sectional curvature pinching

We obtain an upper bound for the local holomorphic sectional curvature pinching of a Kähler manifold containing a smooth rational curve of negative total normal degree. As an application, we prove that a compact Kähler surface with positive holomorphic sectional curvature and local pinching constant at least $1/9$ is biholomorphic to CP², CP¹¹, or the first Hirzebruch surface F₁. For pinching strictly greater than $1/9$, only the first two possibilities occur, confirming a conjecture of Yang and Zheng. We also determine the optimal local pinching constants on F₁ and F₂.