Coastal Surveys of the Ancient Causeway at Liman Tepe / Klazomenai: 2021–24

From 2021 to 2024, archaeologists from universities in Türkiye conducted non-intrusive investigations of the partially submerged causeway mythically associated with Alexander the Great, near the sites of Liman Tepe and Klazomenai on the Urla Peninsula, Türkiye. By assessing the feature’s structure and preservation, the team also proposes its history of modification in the Roman, Ottoman, and early Modern eras. While similar to other Hellenistic-era causeways purportedly built by Alexander, this may be the best-preserved example from antiquity. Moreover, due to its maintenance, it illuminates the cycle between sea level rise, human modification, and the resulting impacts on the surrounding environment.