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This paper demonstrates that the complex topological structure of Calabi-Yau manifolds emerges directly from a recursive method based on volume and the rotation of rotations. Rejecting mathematical abstractions such as dimensionless points, lines, and rectilinear paths—which are mere human inventions and do not exist in physical reality—spatial reality is composed exclusively of structures endowed with physical thickness and volume. By applying a recursive algorithm based on rotations of rotations (self-rotation combined with orbital rotation around variable axes), the system generates a step-by-step sequence of transformations from solid spheres to open tori, hollow spheres, and interconnected structures, directly deriving Calabi-Yau spaces in a purely volumetric manner. In continuity with previous work published on Zenodo, we establish that nature is curved and that reality consists solely of volumetric structures in continuous motion. Special thanks to my family and to my life, Milo, for their constant support and presence.
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Matteo Milo D. Rienzo (2026) studied this question.
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