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General Background Administrative penalties serve as a crucial instrument for ensuring legal obedience and strengthening governance accountability within a rule of law framework. Specific Background In Indonesia, the regulatory framework governing these public measures is heavily fragmented across various statutory laws, leading to unclear lines of responsibility and inconsistent execution. Knowledge Gap Current legal execution often fails to bridge the gap between issuing formal penalty decisions and practically executing corrective measures or recovering affected public entitlements. Aims This study examines the statutory framework governing penalty execution and formulates a reconstruction model prioritizing measurable obedience and government accountability. Results Findings reveal that the Indonesian Ombudsman reported 23,596 public complaints in 2025, underscoring the urgent need for a cohesive documentation system; successful penalty execution necessitates integrating violation identification, responsibility attribution, proportionate penalty imposition, and strict monitoring. Novelty This research integrates penalty imposition, performance tracking, and public entitlement recovery into a single, cohesive analytical model rather than solely advocating for heavier punishments. Implications Future statutory reform must prioritize coordinated inter-agency oversight and digitized documentation systems to ensure corrective measures translate into tangible protection for society. Highlights Regulatory fragmentation across various Indonesian public service laws weakens penalty execution. A measurable oversight model requires integrating violation identification with corrective monitoring. Coordinated inter-agency coordination and digitized documentation systems secure tangible governance accountability.
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Simamora et al. (2026) studied this question.
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