The impact of elderspeak on dementia care: a comprehensive review of its influence and underlying mechanism

Background The global prevalence of dementia is rising in the context of an aging population. The quality of communication plays a crucial role in influencing the emotions and psychological well-being of individuals with dementia, and the effects of elderspeak on these patients are bidirectional. Aim This study aims to examine the definitions, characteristics, and underlying mechanisms of elderspeak within dementia care settings, while summarizing its impact on patient behaviors and the quality of care. Design A scoping review. Data sources A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane, Embase, and CNKI for studies addressing the effects of elderspeak in dementia care. Review methods Studies that focused on elderspeak in dementia care were included, while those that solely analyzed its linguistic features without a nursing or management perspective were excluded. Two researchers independently performed data screening and extraction. Results This analysis encompasses 295 articles, of which 19 studies specifically examine the effects of elderspeak on dementia care. Elderspeak is characterized by the use of simplified language, a higher vocal pitch, and terms of endearment. Caregivers utilize elderspeak with the intention of conveying care and enhancing older adults' comprehension of information, however, it often leads to unintended negative consequences. Elderspeak is associated with increased care-resistive behaviors, diminished self-esteem, and exacerbated behavioral symptoms, although the temporal relationship among these factors remains unclear. Conclusions Although elderspeak is used with positive intentions, it can result in negative consequences. This paradox underscores the need to reassess its use in dementia care. Future research should focus on developing person-centered communication strategies. This shift in communication approach is crucial for providing high-quality care and has important implications for improving nursing education. Reporting method This study adhered to the PRISMA-ScR guideline. Implications This review advocates for a transition from elderspeak to person-centered communication in dementia care, urging systematic reforms in nursing education, clinical practice, and policy to uphold patient dignity and enhance care quality. Patient or public contribution No patient or public contribution.