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A formation threshold becomes an abundance only after it is folded through the statistics of the primordial perturbations. The resulting mass function, the distribution of collapsed fraction across horizon masses, is the object every observational bound actually constrains: lensing surveys, evaporation backgrounds, and merger rates each sample a different weighted integral of it. The headline computed values are: M min g = 2.596e+22; removed frac = 5.385e-01. All quantities are computed from the stated assumptions; nothing in the study is a measurement, and the full calculation is deposited for independent checking.
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William Alexander Aldred (2026) studied this question.
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