Visual and Anatomical Outcomes of Intravitreal Ranibizumab Combined with Focal/Grid Macular Laser for Center-Involved Diabetic Macular Edema: A Real-World Retrospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Center-involved diabetic macular edema (CI-DME) is a major cause of vision loss in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Anti-VEGF therapy is standard, but adjunctive focal/grid macular laser may reduce treatment burden in selected eyes. This study evaluated ranibizumab combined with individualized focal/grid laser in Chinese patients with CI-DME. METHODS: = 98) and were followed for 6 months. Baseline OCT and fluorescein angiography were reviewed to characterize DME morphology. The primary outcome was change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA); secondary outcomes included central macular thickness (CMT), ≥0.2 LogMAR gain, injection frequency, and adverse events. Nearly half of combination-treated eyes required no additional injections beyond the initial three. Adverse events were rare and similar. CONCLUSION: Ranibizumab combined with individualized focal/grid macular laser improved visual and anatomical outcomes, reduced injection burden, and showed acceptable safety in selected CI-DME eyes.