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Hospitals are facing increasing pressure to achieve sustainability amid technological developments, changing patient expectations, regulatory dynamics, and intensifying competition. Although sustainable governance, digital transformation, and organizational capability have received growing research attention, their integrated contributions to hospital sustainability performance and competitive advantage have not yet been adequately synthesized. This study aims to examine and integrate findings from previous studies on sustainable governance, hospital digital transformation capability, and hospital organizational capability. The study employs a systematic literature review of publications published between 2020 and 2026 and identified through various academic databases. The selected articles are analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify key concepts, relationships among constructs, and research gaps. The synthesis indicates that sustainable governance supports accountability, transparency, and stakeholder engagement; hospital digital transformation capability facilitates technology integration, data-driven decision-making, and service innovation; while hospital organizational capability enables resource integration and the development of adaptive capabilities. The novelty of this study lies in the development of an integrated conceptual framework that explains the complementary roles of these three strategic dimensions in strengthening hospital sustainability and competitive positioning.
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Cahyono et al. (2026) studied this question.
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