From BIM to Virtual Reality: A Systematic Review of Semantic Interoperability, Real-Time Performance and Multiobjective Optimization

Building Information Modeling (BIM) links geometry to object identities and properties, whereas virtual reality (VR) requires responsive rendering. This review examines semantic transfer, scene preparation and optimization in literature retrieved through a Scopus search requiring the term construction and a complementary IEEE Xplore export. Searches dated 15 July and 23 August 2026 yielded 530 records. Of 103 full texts assessed, 90 primary reports were included in the descriptive synthesis. Unity was the primary engine in 45 reports and Unreal Engine in 10. Access to semantic information needed for the task was documented in 21 reports, partial information continuity in 41, no usable preservation in 27 and unclear evidence in one. These categories do not establish lossless preservation of entire BIM models. Seven reports addressed multiple objectives or criteria through optimization, ranking or heuristic methods. Two targeted scene generation or runtime. A taxonomy of five objective families and an illustrative constrained optimization example translate the findings into requirements for future experiments. Search restrictions and differences among implementations limit generalization. The synthesis supports explicit information requirements, evaluation against the intended task and reproducible reporting. Evidence remains insufficient to recommend a single transfer pipeline or optimization algorithm.